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    DASS

    The DASS is a 21-item questionnaire designed to measure emotional states of depression, anxiety, and stress. Please read the statements and select the number (0, 1, 2 or 3) which indicates how much the statement applied to you over the past week.

    0 = Did not apply to me at all
    1 = Applied to me to some degree, or some of the time
    2 = Applied to me to a considerable degree, or a good part of the time
    3 = Applied to me very much, or most of the time

    1. I found it hard to wind down

    2. I was aware of dryness of my mouth

    3. I couldn’t seem to experience any positive feeling at all

    4. I experienced breathing difficulty (e.g., excessively rapid breathing, breathlessness in the absence of physical exertion)

    5. I found it difficult to work up the initiative to do things

    6. I tended to over-react to situations

    7. I experienced trembling (e.g., in the hands)

    8. I felt that I was using a lot of nervous energy

    9. I was worried about situations in which I might panic and make a fool of myself

    10. I felt that I had nothing to look forward to

    11. I found myself getting agitated

    12. I found it difficult to relax

    13. I felt down-hearted and blue

    14. I was intolerant of anything that kept me from getting on with what I was doing

    15. I felt I was close to panic

    16. I was unable to become enthusiastic about anything

    17. I felt I wasn’t worth much as a person

    18. I felt that I was rather touchy

    19. I was aware of the action of my heart in the absence of physical exertion (e.g., sense of heart rate increase, heart missing a beat)

    20. I felt scared without any good reason

    21. I felt that life was meaningless